Applied mechanics and engineering

3.2 Applied mechanics and engineering

• Abū Sadīra, Taha al-Sayid, 1991. Al-hiraf wa ‘l-sina’at fi misr al-islamiya mundhu al-fath al-‘arabi hata nihayat al-‘asr al-fatimi. Cairo: The Egyptian General Book Organization.
• Aiken, Jane Andrew 1994. “Truth in Images: From the Technical Drawings of Ibn al-Razzaz al-Jazari, Campanus of Novarra and Giovanni de Dondi to the Perspective Projection of Leon Battista Alberti.” Viator: Medieval and Renaissance Studies vol. 25: pp. 325-359.
• Akman, Toygar 2008. An 800 Years Old Ancestor: Today’s Science of Robotics and al-Jazari.
• Al-Hassan, Ahmad Y. 1976. Taqī al-Dīn wa-‘l-handasa al mīkanīkiya al-‘arabiya. Ma’a kitāb ‘Al-Turuq al-Saniya fī ‘l-ālāt al-rūhāniya’ min al-qarn al-sādis ‘ashar [Taqī al-Dīn and Arabic Mechanical Engineering. With the book The Sublime Methods in Pneumatic Machines from the sixteenth century]. Aleppo: Institute for the History of Arabic Science, 1976.
• Al-Hassan, A.Y. & Hill, D.R. 1986. Islamic Technology. An Illustrated History. Paris/Cambridge: UNESCO/ Cambridge University Press. Paperback, Cambridge University Press. French translation: Sciences et techniques en islam: une histoire illustrée. Paris: Edifra, 1991.
• Al-Hassan, A. Y. 1987. “Chemical Technology in Arabic Military Treatises. A Review of the Sources”. In: From Deferent to Equant. Edited by D.A. King and G. Saliba. New York: New York Academy of Science, pp. 153-166.
• Al-Hassan, A. Y. et al. (editors) 2002. Science and Technology in Islam, vol. 4 of The Different Aspects of Islamic Culture. Paris: UNESCO.
• Al-Hassan, A. Y.: Online articles on History of Science and Technology in Islam:Al-Jazari and the History of the Water Clock.Transfer of Islamic Technology to the West:
  Part 1: Avenues of Technology Transfers;
  Part 2: Transfer of Islamic Engineering;
  Part 3: Technology Transfer in the Chemical Industries.
  Taqi al-Din and the First Steam Turbine.
  The Origin of the Suction Pump.The Crank-Connecting Rod System in a Continuously Rotating Machine.
  Flywheel Effect for a Saqiya.
• Al-Hassani, S. 2001. Al-Jazari: The Mechanical Genius.
  Al-Hassani, Salim 2004 . The Machines of Al-Jazari and Taqi al-Din.
  Al-Hassani, S. and 2008. The Self Changing Fountain of Banu Musa bin Shakir.
• Al-Hassani, S.2008. The Astronomical Clock of Taqi Al-Din: Virtual Reconstruction.
• Al-Hassani, S., and Ong Pang Kiat, Colin 2008. Al-Jazari’s Third Water-Raising Device: Analysis of its Mathematical and Mechanical Principles.
• Al-Hassani, S. and Al-Lawati, M.A. 2008. The Six-Cylinder Water Pump of Taqi al-Din: Its Mathematics, Operation and Virtual Design.
• Al-Hassani, S., and Abattouy, M. 2008. “La pompe hydraulique d’al-Jazarī (début du XIIIe siècle)”. In: L’Islam des découvertes. Paris: Editions Le Pommier (forthcoming).
• Bir, Atilla 1990. Kitāb al-hiyal of Banū Mūsā bin Shākir Interpreted in the Sense of Modern System and Control Engineering. Istanbul: IRCICA.
• Bir, Atilla, and Kacar, Mustafa, 2006. Pioneers of Automatic Control Systems.
• Jaraki, al-, Abdel Aziz, 2007. When Ridhwan al-Sa’ati Anteceded Big Ben by More than Six Centuries.
• Banū Mūsā 1981. Kitab al-hiyal. Edited by A. Y. Al-Hassan. Aleppo: Institute for the History of Arabic Science.
• Bīrūnī, al-, Muhammad b. Ahmad 1983. Maqāla fī al-nisab allatī bayna al-filizāt wa al-jawāhir fī ‘l-hajm.Arabic text and Russian translation by Mariam M. Rozhanskaya and Boris A. Rozenfled. Nauchnoye nasledstvo [Scientific Heritage] (Moscow) vol. 6: pp. 141-160.
• Bruin, Fr. 1970. Surveying and Surveying Instruments being chapters 26, 27, 29 and 30 of the Book on Finding Hidden Water by Abū Bakr Muhammad al-Karajī. Beirut.
• Carra de Vaux, Bernard 1901. “Note sur les mécaniques de Bedi al-Zamman al-Gazari et sur un appareil d’hydraulique attribué à Apollonius de Perge.” Congrès d’Histoire de Paris, 5^ème section, pp. 112-121. Reprinted in Badī’ Azzamān al-Jazari, (d. after 1206). Texts and Studies. Collected and reprinted by F. Sezgin et al. Frankfurt: Institut für Geschichte der Arabisch-Islamischen Wissenschaften, 2001.
• Carra de Vaux 1902. “Le livre des appareils pneumatiques et des machines hydrauliques par Philon de Byzance.” Mémoires de l’Académie des inscriptions et des belles letters, 1902, vol. 38. Reprinted in Le livre des appareils pneumatiques et des machines hydrauliques par Philon de Byzance. Edité d’après les versions arabes d’Oxford et de Constantinople et traduit en français par le baron Carra de Vaux. Paris: Imprimerie nationale/Klincksieck, 1902.
• Colin, Georges S. 1932. “La Noria marocaine et les machines hydrauliques dans le monde arabe.” Hespéris tome 14: pp. 22-60. Reprinted ins: Water-lifting Devices in the Islamic World. Texts and Studies.Collected and reprinted by F. Sezgin et al. Frankfurt: Institut für Geschichte der Arabisch-Islamischen Wissenschaften, pp. 36-74.
• Comes, Mercè 1993-94. “Un procedimiento para determinar la hora durante la noche en la Córdoba del siglo X.” Revista del Instituto Egipcio de Estudios Islámicos vol. 26: pp. 263-272. [Describes a clock similar to that of Ibn Yūnus: see Kennedy et Ukashah 1969].
• Cordoba de La Llave, Ricardo 1995. “Tecnologia de las norias fluviales de tradicion islamica en la provincia de Cordoba.” In: Agricultura y regadio en al-Andalus: sintesis y problemas. Almeria: Instituto de estudios almerienses.
• Daiber, Hans 1992-94. “Sciences and Technology versus Islam. A Controversy from Renan and Afghani to Nasr and Needham and its Historical Background.”
  Journal for the History of Arabic Science vol. 10: pp. 119-134.
• Decourdemanche, Jean-Adolphe 1908. Etude métrologique et numismatique sur les misqals et les dirhams arabes. Supplement to the Revue Numismatique (Paris) 2^ème fascicule, 46 pp.
• Delpech, Annette, Girard, François, Robine, Gérard, Roumi, Muhammad 1997. Les Norias de l’Oronte: analyse technologique d’un élément du patrimoine syrien. Damas: Institut Français de Damas.
• Drachmann A.G. 1948. Ktesibios, Philon and Heron. A Study in Ancient Pneumatics. (Acta historica scientiarum naturalium et medicinalium, vol. 4). Copenhagen/Amsterdam: Munksgaard/ Swets & Zeitlinger.
• FSTC 2008. 800 Years Later: In Memory of Al-Jazari, A Genius Mechanical Engineer.
• FSTC 2008. Taqī al-Dīn Ibn Ma’rūf: A Special Section.
• Glick, Thomas F. 1989. “Las Tecnicas hidraulicas antes y después de la conquista.” In: En torno al 750 aniversario: antecedentes y consecuencias de la conquista de Valencia. Valencia: Generalitat de Valencia, vol. 1, pp. 53-71.
• Glick, T.F. 1995-96-97. “Irrigation and Hydraulic Technology in Islamic Spain: Methodological Considerations.” Journal for the History of Arabic Science vol. 11: pp. 3-19.
• Glick, T.F. 1996. “Riego y tecnologia hidraulica en la España islamica: consideraciones metodologicas.” In: Ciencias de la naturaleza en al-Andalus. Edited by E. Garcia Sanchez et al. Madrid/Granada: C.S.I.C./Escuela de Estudios Arabes, vol. 4: pp. 71-91.
• Glick, T.F. 1996. Irrigation and Hydraulic Technology: Medieval Spain and its Legacy. London: Variorum Reprints.
• Glick, T.F. 1997. “La Transmision de las técnicas hidraulicas y de regadio del mundo islamico al mundo hispanico.” In: Al Andalus: allende el Atlantico. Granada: El Legado andalusi, pp. 222-233.
• Goblot, Henri 1979. Les Qanats: Une technique d’acquisition de l’eau. Paris: Mouton.
• Gonzalez Tascon, Ignacio 1995. “Ingenios y maquinas hidraulicas en el mundo andalusi.” In: El agua en la agricultura de Al-Andalus. Barcelona: Lunwerg, pp. 151-162.
• Guardiola Gonzalez, Maria Dolores 1990. “Instrumental agricola en los tratados andalusies.” In: Ciencias de la naturaleza en al-Andalus. Edited by E. Garcia Sanchez et al. Madrid/Granada: C.S.I.C./Escuela de Estudios Arabes, vol. 1, pp. 108-149.
• Guardiola G. 1992. “Utillaje de uso agricola en los tratados andalusies.” In: Ciencias de la naturaleza en al-Andalus, edited by E. Garcia Sanchez et al., vol. 2, pp. 171-220.
• Hall, Robert A. 1970-80. “Al-Khāzinī.” In: Dictionary of Scientific Biography, edited by Charles Gillispie, New York: Scribners, vol. VII, pp. 335-351.
• Hill, Donald R. 1974. The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices. An annotated translation of al-Jazarī’s Treatise. Dordrecht: Reidel. [English translation of the major treatise of al-Jazarī].
• Hill, D.R. 1976. On the Construction of Water Clocks. Kitāb Arshimīdas fī ‘amal al-binkāmāt. London: Turner & Devereaux.
• Hill, D.R. 1977. “The Banū Mūsā and the Book of Ingenious Devices.” History of Technology vol. 2: pp. 39-76.
• Hill, D.R. 1978. “Technology and Mechanics (hiyal).” In: The Genius of Arab Civilization: Source of Renaissance. Edited by John Hayes. Cambridge (Mass.): The MIT Press (reprinted 1984), pp. 203-217.
• Hill, D.R. 1979. The Book of Ingenious Devices. An Annotated Translation of the Treatise of Banū Mūsā.Dordrecht: Reidel.
• Hill, D.R. 1980. “Mathematics and Applied Science.” Religion, Learning and Science in the Abbasid Period.Edited by M.J.L. Young, J.D. Latham et R.B. Serejant. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 248-273.
• Hill, D.R. 1981. Arabic Water-Clocks. Aleppo: Institute for the History of Arabic Science.
• Hill, D.R. 1984. History of Engineering in Classical and Medieval Times. London: Croom Helm.
• Hill, D.R. 1985. “Al-Bīrūnī’s Mechanical Calendar.” Annals of Science vol. 42: pp. 139-163.
• Hill, D.R. 1987. “Islamic Fine Technology and its Influence on the Development of European Horology.” Al-Abhath (Beyrouth: American University of Beirut) vol. 35: pp. 8-28.
• Hill, D.R. 1991. “Arabic Mechanical Engineering: Survey of the Historical Sources.” Arabic Science and Philosophy vol. 1: pp. 167-186.
• D. R. Hill, “Mechanical Engineering in the Medieval Near East”, Scientific American, May 1991, pp. 64-69.
• Hill, D.R. 1993. Islamic Science and Engineering. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Arabic translation Kuwait, 2004.
• Hill, D.R. 1993. “Science and Technology in Ninth-Century Baghdad.” In: Science in Western and Eastern Civilization in Carolingian Times. Edited by P. L. Butzer and D. Lohrmann. Bâle: Birkhäuser Verlag, pp. 486-502.
• Hill, D.R. 1994. “From Philo to al-Jazarī”. In: Learning, Language, and Invention. Essays Presented to Francis Maddison. Edited by D.W. Hackmann and A.J. Turne. Aldershot: Variorum, pp. 188-206.
• Hill, D.R. 1996. “Engineering.” In: Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science, edited by R. Rashed. London: Routledge, vol. III, pp. 751-795.
• Hill, D.R. 1998. Studies in Medieval Islamic Technology: From Philo to al-Jazarī-From Alexandria to Diyār Bakr. Edited by David A. King. (Variorum Collected Studies Series). Aldershot, Eng. /Brookfield, Vt.: Ashgate.
• Hill, D.R. and Squatriti, P. 1998. “A History of Engineering in Classical and Medieval Times.” Speculum vol. 73: pp. 11-43.
• Hill, Donald R., and Al-Hassan, Ahmad Y., Engineering in Arabic-Islamic Civilization: Part One.
• Ibn Aranbughā al-Zardkāsh 1985. Kitab al aniq fi ‘l-manjaniq. Edited by Ihsan Hindi. Aleppo: Publications of the Institute for the History of Arabic Science.
• Ibn Aranbughā 2004. Ibn Aranbughā al-Zardkāsh (fl. 774-775/1373): Armoury Manual. Kitāb anīq fī l-manājnīq. Edited by F. Sezgin. Frankfurt: Institut für Geschichte der Arabisch-Islamischen Wissenschaften.
• Al-Jazari, Abu ‘l-‘Izz b. Isma’il 1979. Al-Jami’ bayna al-‘ilm wa ‘l-‘amal al-nafi’ fi sina’at al-hiyal. Edited by A. Y. Al-Hassan et al. Aleppo: Publications of the Institute for the History of Arabic Science.
• Jazarī, al-, Ibn ar-Razzāz Badī’ az-Zamān 2003. Al-Jāmi’ bayn al-‘ilm wa’l-‘amal an-nāfi’ fī sinā’at al-hiyal. Compendium on the Theory and Practice of the Mechanical Arts. Edited by F. Sezgin. Frankfurt: Institut für Geschichte der Arabisch-Islamischen Wissenschaften.
• [Jazarī, al-] 2001. Badī’ Azzamān al-Jazarī (d. after 1206). Texts and Studies. Collected and reprinted by F. Sezgin et al. (Natural Sciences in Islam, 41). Frankfurt: Institut für Geschichte der Arabisch-Islamischen Wissenschaften.
• Kâhya, Esin & Dosay Gökdogan, Melek & Demir, Remzi Gazi & Topdemir, Hüseyin & Unat, Yavuz 2003. Cezeri, Yesterday and Today. University of Ankara, Faculty of Letters, Research of the History of Science in Turkey.
• Kennedy, Edward S. & Ukashah, Walid 1969. “The Chandelier Clock of Ibn Yūnis.” Isis vol. 60: pp. 543-545.
• Kumarasvami, Ananda K. 1924. The Treatise of al-Jazarī on Automata: Leaves from a Manuscript of the ‘Kitāb fī ma’arifat al-hiyal al handasiya’ in the Museum of Fine Arts (Boston and elsewhere). Boston: Museum of Fine Arts.
• Lorch 1981. “Al-Khāzinī’s Balance-Clock and Chinese Steelyard Clepsydra.” Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Sciences vol. 31: pp. 183-189.
• Mansour, Mohamed 2002. A Review of Early Muslim Control Engineering.
• Manzanares Japon, José Luis 2002. “La ingenieria civil en al-Andalus.” In: La herencia arabe en la agricultura y el bienestar de Occidente. Valencia: Universidad politécnica de Valencia, pp. 349-369.
• Maqrīzī, al-, Ahmad Ibn ‘Alī 1800. Tractatus de legalibus Arabum ponderibus et mensuris. Olaus Gerhard Tychsen [Hrsg.] Ex codice academicae Lugduno-Batavae additis excerptis e scriptoribus Arabicis nec con variantibus lectionibus ad editam Makrizii historiam monetae Arabicae spectantibus. Rostock: Stiller. [Latin translation of the treatise of al-Maqrīzī on legal weights (al-awzān al-shar’iyya)].
• McLachlan, Keith S. & Beaumont, Peter & Bonine, Michael (éditeurs) 1989. Qanāt, Karīz and Khattāra: Traditional Water Systems in the Middle East and North Africa. Wisbech, UK: Middle East and North African Studies Press.
• Mohebbi, Parviz 1996. Techniques et ressources en Iran du 7^ème au 19^ème siècle. Tehran: Institut Français de Recherche en Iran.
• Montmessin, Yves & Bazzana, André “Les norias fluviales de Fès: approche ethnoarchéologique d’une technique médiévale.” In: Du nord au sud du Sahara: bilan et perspectives de 50 ans d’archéologie en Afrique de l’Ouest et au Maghreb. Actes du colloque tenu à Paris les 13 et 14 mai 2002. Saint-Maur-des-Fossés: Sépia, pp. 331-347.
• Nadarajan, Gunalan 2007. Automation and Robotics in Muslim Heritage: The Cultural Roots of al-Jazari’s Mechanical Systems.
• Pearson, James Douglas 1984. A Bibliography of The Architecture, Arts, And Crafts of Islam by Sir K.A.C. Creswell, C.B.E. Second Supplement, Jan. 1972 to Dec. 1980 (with Omissions from Previous Years). Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press.
• Price, Derek J.S. 1964. “Mechanical Water Clocks of the Fourteenth Century in Fez, Morocco”. In: Proceedings of the Tenth International Congress of the History of Science (Ithaca, N.Y, 1962). Paris: Hermann, pp. 599-602.
• Gārī, Lutfallah 1996. Idha’at zawaya jadida li-tiqniya al-‘arabiya al-islamiya. Riyadh: King Fahd National Library.
• Gārī, L. 1995-96-97. “Al-Alat al-mikanikiya fi turathina al-‘ilmi wa mawqi’ Kitab Al-Risala al-qudsiya“. Journal for the History of Arabic Science vol. 11: pp. 29-90.
• Rammāh, al-, Najm al-Din Hassan 1998. Al-furusiya wa-‘l-manasib al-harbiya (al-barud wa al-niran al-harbiya wa-‘l-taqtir wa-‘l-niranjanat). Edited by A.Y. Al-Hassan. Aleppo: Publications of the Institute for the History of Arabic Science.
• Ricard P. 1924. “L’Horloge de la Médersa Bou-Anania de Fès.” Bulletin de la Société de Géographie d’Alger et de l’Afrique du Nord vol. 25: pp. 248-254.
• Rizvi, S.S.H. 1993. “Muslim Contributions to the Science of Measurements.” Islamic Thought and Scientific Creativity vol. 4: pp. 21-40.
• Sa’ati, al-, Fakhr al-Din Ridhwan b. Muhammad 1981. ‘Ilm al-sa’at wa ‘l-‘amal biha. Edited by M. A. Dahman. Damascus: Maktab al-dirasat al-islamiya.
• Sabra, A.I. 1977. “A note on Codex Medicea-Laurenziana Or. 152.” Journal for the History of Arabic Science vol. 1: pp. 276-283.
• Saliba, George 1985. “The Function of Mechanical Devices in Medieval Islamic Society.” Science and Technology in Medieval Society, edited by Pamela Long. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciencesvol. 441: pp. 141-51.
• Saliba, G. 1999. “Artisans and Mathematicians in Medieval Islam.” Journal of the American Oriental Society vol. 119: pp. 637-645. [Review of Gülru Necipoglu 1995, The Topkapi Scroll. Geometry and Ornament in Islamic Architecture (Santa Monica CA: The Getty Center for the History of Arts and the Humanities)].
• Sajanqadār Sha’rānī 2003. Al-turuq al-saniya fi ‘l-alat al-ruhaniya: dirasa tahliliya li-makhtut Taqi al-Din ibn Ma’ruf. Kuwait: Dar al-athar al-islamiya.
• Schiøler, Thorkild 1973. Roman and Islamic Water-Lifting Wheels. Odense: Odense University Press.
• Schmidt, F. 1929. Geschichte der Geodätische instrumente und Verfahren im Altertum und Mittelalter.Reprinted in Frankfurt: Institut für Geschichte der Arabisch-Islamischen Wissenschaften, 1991.
• Sezgin, F. et al. (editors) 2001. Water-Lifting Devices in the Islamic World: Texts and Studies. Collected and reprinted. (Natural Sciences in Islam, 43). Frankfurt: Institut für Geschichte der Arabisch-Islamischen Wissenschaften.
• Sezgin, F. et al. (editors) 2001. General Technology. Texts and Studies. Collected and reprinted. (Natural Sciences in Islam, 39). Frankfurt: Institut für Geschichte der Arabisch-Islamischen Wissenschaften.
• Sezgin, F. et al. (editors) 2001. Musical Automata and the Organ. Texts and Studies. Collected and reprinted. (Natural Sciences in Islam, 42). Frankfurt: Institut für Geschichte der Arabisch-Islamischen Wissenschaften.
• Sezgin, F. et al. (editors) 2001. Banū Mūsā ibn Shākir (9^th Century). Texts and Studies. Collected and reprinted. (Natural Sciences in Islam, 40). Frankfurt: Institut für Geschichte der Arabisch-Islamischen Wissenschaften.
• Shams, al-, Majid ‘Abdallah 1977. Muqaddima li-‘ilm al-mikanik fi al-hadhara al-‘arabiya. Bagdad: Publications of the center for revivification of Arabic scientific heritage.
• Shawqī, Jalal 1973. Turath al-‘arab fi ‘l-mikanik. Beirut: ‘Alam al-kutub.
• Shawqī, J. 1995. ‘Usul al-hiyal al-handasiya fi ‘l-tarjamat al-‘arabiya. Kuwait: Foundation for the Advancement of Science. [Study of the Pneumatics of Philon of Byzantium (fl. ca 250 BCE), which survived only in Arabic, together with various materials on mechanics in the Islamic tradition].
• Shehadeh, Kamal & Hill, Donald R. & Lorch, Richard 1994. “Construction of a Fluting Machine by Apollonius the Carpenter.” ZGAIW vol. 9: pp. 326-356. [Arabic Text and English translation of a short text attributed to Apollonius (already translated in German by Wiedemann in 1905), dealing with the construction and the use of a mechanical instrument].
• Stchoukine, Ivan 1934. “Un manuscrit du traité d’al-Gazarī sur les automates du XII^ème siècle.” Gazette des beaux-arts vol. 11: pp. 134-140.
• Tarsūsī, al-, Mardhī b. ‘Alī b. Mardhī 2004. Al-Tarsūsī… (12^th century), Treatise on Military Technology. Tabsirat arbāb al-albāb fī kaifiyyat al-najāt fī l-hurūb. Instruction of the Valiant on Prevailing in War.Edited by F. Sezgin. Frankfurt: Institut für Geschichte der Arabisch-Islamischen Wissenschaften (Series C71).
• Tazi, Abdelhadi 1981-85. “L’horloge hydraulique.” In: Le mémorial du Maroc. Rabat: Editions Nord, vol. 3, pp. 53-71.
• Tekeli, Sevim 1966. 16’inci Asirda Osmanlilar’da Saat ve Takiyüddin’in “Mekanik Saat Konstrüksüyonuna Dair En Parlak Yildizlar” Adli Eseri. [“Clocks in the Ottoman Empire in the 16^th century” (text in Turkish, English and Arabic]. Doctorate dissertation, University of Ankara.
• Tekeli, S. 2002. “The Clocks in the Ottoman Empire in the 16^th Century and Taqī al-Dīn’s The Brightest Stars for the Construction of the Mechanical Clocks.” Ankara: T.C. Kültür Bakanligi.
• Tekeli Sevim, Melek Dosay, and Yavuz Unat 2002. Cezeri, el-Câmi beyne’l-Ilm ve’l-Amel en-Nâfi fh Sinaâti’l-Hiyel. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu. [Facsimile publication of a manuscript of al-Jazārī’s treatise].
• Vernet, Juan 1978. “Un texto arabe de la corte de Alfonso X el Sabio: un tratado de automatas.” Al-Andalus vol. 43: pp. 405-421.
• Vernet, J. 1981. “Alfonso X. el Sabio: Mecánica y Astronomía.” Commemoración del Cente¬nario de Alfonso X el Sabio. Madrid, pp. 23-32.
• Vernet, J. 1992. “Natural and Technical Sciences in Al-Andalus.” In: The Legacy of Muslim Spain. Leiden: Brill, vol. 2, pp. 937-951.
• Vernet, J 1993. “Ingenieria mecanica del Islam Occidental.” Investigacion y ciencia (Barcelona) no. 201: pp. 46-50.
• Vernet, J. & Casals, R. & Villuendas, M.V. 1982-83. “El capitulo primero del Kitāb al-asrār fī natā’ij al-afkār.” Awraq no. 5-6: pp. 7-18.
• Wiedemann, E. 1918. “Über Schalen, die beim Aderlass verwendet werden und Waschegasse nach Gazari.” Archiv für Geschichte der Medizin vol. 11: pp. 22-43.
• Wiedemann, E. 1984. Gesammelte Schriften zur arabisch-islamischen Wissenschafts-geschichte. 3 vols. Frankfurt: Institut für Geschichte der Arabisch-Islamischen Wissenschaften. Vol. 1: Schriften 1876-1912; vol. 2: Schriften 1912-1927; vol. 3: Schriften in Zusammenarbeit mit Fritz Hauser. [Contains the articles not included in Wiedemann 1970].
• Wiedemann, Eilhard & Hauser, Fritz 1915. Uber die Uhren im Bereich der islamischen Kultur. Halle: Karras.
• Wulff, Hans 1966. Traditional Crafts of Persia. Their Development, Technology, and Influence on Eastern and Western Civilizations. Cambridge (Mass.): The MIT Press.
• Yavuz Unat, 2003. “Two Scientists in History of Technology: Jazarī and Taqī al-Dīn.” Proceedings of the Congress ‘Turkish Science and Technology’. Edited by Emre Dölen and Mustafa Kaçar. Istanbul: The Turkish Society for History of Science, pp. 75–94. [In Turkish].* Professor of History and Philosophy of Science, Mohammed Vth University, Rabat. Senior Research Fellow, Foundation for Science, Technology and Civilisation (FSTC), Manchester, UK. Chief Editor: http://www.MuslimHeritage.com.